The Czech Republic has reported its highest number of hepatitis A cases in 15 years, according to the National Institute of Public Health (SZU). From January to July 2025, 1,053 infections were recorded, a sharp increase from 168 during the same period last year. In 2024, the total reached 636 cases.

The largest outbreaks this year have occurred in Prague (370 cases), the Central Bohemian Region (181), and the Moravian-Silesian Region (113). Hepatitis A, also known as infectious jaundice, is a viral liver disease that spreads mainly through contaminated water or food, or direct contact with an infected person.

The current outbreak is affecting not only children but also teenagers, young adults, and individuals engaged in high-risk behaviours, such as drug users and the homeless. Poor hygiene conditions and close contact in crowded environments are driving the spread, the SZU said.

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has warned of rising hepatitis A transmission across Central Europe, with similar trends in Slovakia, Austria, and Hungary. SZU Director Barbora Mackova stressed in June that while the situation is not yet dramatic, it must not be underestimated.

“Consistent hand hygiene is essential, and targeted anti-epidemic measures are being implemented in high-risk areas, including excluded localities and communities of homeless people or drug addicts,” Mackova said.

Authorities are carrying out targeted vaccinations for homeless individuals, high-risk groups, and people in close contact with confirmed cases. Experts also recommend vaccination for broader population groups to curb the outbreak.

Hepatitis A is usually a short-term illness, but in rare cases, it can cause liver failure or death, especially in older adults or those with underlying conditions.