By: Dr. Avi Verma

A new COVID-19 variant, labeled NB.1.8.1, is now making its presence felt in the United States, after being first identified in China earlier this year. Recent global surveillance reports indicate that NB.1.8.1 now accounts for 10% of SARS-CoV-2 sequences tested worldwide—a sharp increase from just 2.5% four weeks ago.

Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not yet added NB.1.8.1 to its official COVID-19 tracking dashboard, the agency has acknowledged its growing presence and is monitoring the variant in collaboration with global health partners. Only 20 sequences of this variant have been identified in the U.S. so far, but that number is expected to rise.

What Makes NB.1.8.1 Concerning?

While the symptoms of NB.1.8.1 are largely similar to those of recent COVID variants, health authorities are paying close attention to its mutations. This variant features changes in the spike protein—the part of the virus that attaches to human cells—which may make it more contagious and potentially more resistant to certain immune defenses.

Preliminary findings from the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that these mutations could improve the virus’s ability to evade neutralizing antibodies, potentially making it more efficient at infecting hosts, even those who are vaccinated or previously infected.

Symptoms: What to expect

Symptoms associated with NB.1.8.1 are largely consistent with previous Omicron subvariants and include:

• Persistent dry cough
• Nasal congestion
• Fatigue and tiredness
• Fever and chills
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat

The overall severity of the illness appears to be mild to moderate in most individuals, particularly those who are vaccinated. Importantly, there is no current evidence indicating that NB.1.8.1 causes more severe illness, hospitalizations, or fatalities compared to its predecessors.

Vaccine protection: Holding strong — but with limits

The NB.1.8.1 variant is part of the Omicron JN.1 lineage, which is already targeted by the updated 2024–2025 COVID vaccines. While these shots may not completely prevent infection, early data suggests that they remain effective in reducing the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death.

Health experts continue to recommend that high-risk individuals — such as older adults, people with compromised immune systems, and healthcare workers — stay up to date with their COVID vaccinations. For low-risk individuals, another dose may not be necessary unless advised by a physician.

When to treat at home vs. seeking medical help

Most individuals who contract NB.1.8.1 will recover at home with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medicationssuch as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to manage fever and body aches. Symptoms typically resolve within 5 to 7 days.

However, high-risk patients should reach out to a healthcare provider as antiviral medications like Paxlovid or Molnupiravir can significantly reduce the risk of complications—especially if taken within five days of symptom onset.

Warning Signs: When to Seek Emergency Care

According to CDC guidance, urgent or emergency medical care should be sought if you or someone you know experiences:

• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain or pressure
• Confusion or disorientation
• Trouble staying awake or waking up

If any of these symptoms are present, prompt evaluation at an urgent care center or emergency room is recommended.

Final word

As the pandemic continues to evolve, new variants like NB.1.8.1 serve as a reminder that COVID-19 remains a dynamic public health concern. While the current threat level is manageable, staying informed, vaccinated, and alert to symptoms is key to minimizing risk — especially for vulnerable populations.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a licensed healthcare provider regarding any medical concerns or conditions.